Thesis

Boring industries. Fanatical founders.

We are not looking for a category that is about to be hot. We are looking for a job that thousands of people already do badly, expensively, on paper, every single day — and that somebody is already paying for.

The underlying bet

We take the 1% odds.

Odds measure consensus, not potential. Every defining company, market and breakthrough started as a crazy bet some lunatic made.

Low odds don’t mean low outcomes — they mean low competition.

Why now

A shift the size of steam, and the incumbents are standing still.

Six things we think are true at the same time. Together they are the reason we start companies now rather than wait for conditions to settle, because by the time they settle the opening has closed.

A shift, not a cycle

Steam, electricity, the internet. Every few generations the cost of doing something collapses and the old assumptions go with it. We are early in one of those.

Every industry is back in play

When the ground moves, incumbency stops being protection. What looks unassailable was built for conditions that no longer hold.

Building keeps getting cheaper

What needed thirty people and two years now needs a handful and a season. Anything priced on today’s cost of building is already priced wrong.

Small teams win this round

Scale used to be the advantage. Increasingly it is the tax. Five people who live with the problem outrun three hundred who must be briefed on it.

The opening is widest here

Emerging markets are not a smaller copy of the same opportunity. They are where almost nothing is built yet, and the defaults are still unset.

Behind, and closing the distance

Africa is behind at the frontier and the gap widens yearly. That is the hard part and the whole opportunity: the tools to close it finally exist here.

We go looking for

  • Industries whose incumbent built their advantage for conditions that no longer hold.
  • A wedge narrow enough to build inside six months and still be useful.
  • Founders who can build the first version themselves, now that one person can.
  • Problems where being close to the market beats being large.
  • Businesses that can charge money in month four, not year four.
  • Markets where the default has not been set yet.

We pass on

  • Ideas that only work if the cost of building stops falling.
  • “AI for X” where nobody can describe X.
  • Anything needing millions before customer one.
  • Plays that need the incumbent to stay asleep for a decade.
  • Copies of a US product with the currency swapped.
  • Founders who want a co-founder, not a company.

Who we back

Technical, obsessed and hungry.

Everything else is negotiable. We have backed people with no company, no co-founder and no savings, and passed on polished teams with all three.

Convictions

What we believe.

The whole list. We disagree with parts of it roughly once a quarter and keep it anyway.

Build what others won’t

The queue for the obvious idea is long and expensive. The one nobody is standing in is neither.

Don’t chase trends

By the time a category is hot, the interesting part of it has already been priced in.

Conviction doesn’t need consensus

If four other funds already agree with you, you are not early. You are on time, which is late.

Capital has blind spots

It flows to the same cities, the same founder archetype, the same ideas everyone agrees are safe.

Don’t do pattern matching

The pattern describes what already worked. It is a poor description of what will.

Think in decades, not demo days

A ten-year fund life is an accounting decision. It is not how long a good company takes.

Fail on something that matters

If it was never going to change anything, succeeding at it wasn’t worth the years either.

Odds measure consensus, not potential

Every defining company started as a crazy bet some lunatic made against the numbers.

Small markets today, inevitable markets tomorrow

The question is never how big it is. It is what has to be true for it to become big.

Build the ecosystem, not just the companies

A single good company in a thin market stays a single good company.

The asymmetry is in underserved markets

Low odds don’t mean low outcomes. They mean low competition.

Currently hunting

Things we’d start tomorrow with the right person.

These are open briefs, not secrets. If one of them is the problem that has been annoying you for three years, we should talk.

Hardware and manufacturing

The continent imports almost everything it uses and assembles almost none of it. Tooling, components and small-run machines get cheaper every year, and the companies that should be using them mostly do not exist yet. This is the least crowded thing on the list.

Hardware

Energy and data

Compute needs power, and power is the binding constraint on everything downstream of it. Generation, storage and the data infrastructure sitting on top, built for markets that were never going to be served by somebody else's build-out.

Infrastructure

The Fortune 5,000,000

Clinics, plumbers, schools, workshops. Millions of small operators running on paper, or on six subscriptions they half use. One tool that does the whole job, filings included, so a team of five gets the output of fifty.

Software

Every mile, cheaper

Commerce and logistics end to end, with whatever the job needs: software, hardware, devices on the vehicle. First mile and last mile both cost too much, and in most of these businesses the cost of the mile is the business.

Logistics

Accelerating discovery

Education, science and research move at the speed of their tooling. Better instruments, better data and better software shorten the distance between a question and an answer, and that compounds harder than anything else here.

Science

African genomics

Africa holds more human genetic variation than everywhere else combined, and almost none of it sits in the reference data drugs are designed against. A therapy validated on European genomes is a coin toss here.

Biotech

The uncaptured record

Informal trade, real prices, how goods move, what clinics see. Almost none of it lands in a dataset anyone can query, so every model built on the global corpora is confidently wrong about a billion people.

Data

What we mean by “a wedge”

The smallest thing you can build in six months that somebody will pay for on its own merits — not because of the roadmap behind it. If explaining the value needs the second slide, it isn’t a wedge yet.

Build what the probabilities say you can’t.

Rolling intake, no application form. A photo of the drawing is genuinely enough.